Infectious diseases continue to claim the lives of African-Americans disproportionately. Growing up in the 1980's I saw first hand how infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS took the lives of my African-American family members and other African American families living on the Lower East Side, New York City. Almost forty years later, African-American communities are still notably impacted by HIV/AIDS. However, once again, I find myself on the front line of witnessing African-American communities in New York City being disproportionately impacted by a new infectious disease known as "the novel Coronavirus" or Covid-19. Ed Pilkington of the Guardian.com notes that "across the country, African Americans have died at a rate of 50.3 per 100,000 people, compared with 20.7 for whites, 22.9 for Latinos and 22.7 for Asian Americans." (Pilkington, 2020 p.1).
In April 2020, during the height of Covid-19, I was deployed to work in the nursing department of a major medical center in Brooklyn. As a medical tech, my job is to provide patient care and work along with nurses and doctors as we oversee care for our patients. I saw first hand how Covid-19 impacted new Yorkers of all racial groups. While this disease affected men more than women, African-American women and men with Covid-19 often had other comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, heart issues. Watching many of my patients succumb to Covid-19 was tough. The fear I saw in my African-American patients reminded me of the same fear I saw in my relatives' faces, as they died of HIV/AIDS. While many African-American Covid-19 patients died alone, as many other Covid-19 patients did, far removed from family and friends who loved them, I noticed that some African-American families used technology to document and stay connected to their loved ones afflicted with Covid-19. One African-American COVID-19 patient's daughter insisted on having her mother's iPhone 24/7 so she could see her mother, and see the care being rendered to her mother. The daughter sang songs, reminded her now the comatose mother about events during much happier times, and often prayed for her mother. Many African-American families and other families with loved ones hospitalized with Covid-19 utilized phone technology to check-in and document the experiences of their loved ones as best as possible. Seeing how important technology has become to Covid-19 patients and their families gives me hope in new ways to improve health outcomes for vulnerable populations using technology. As a Public Health Practitioner and clinician tech, understanding why pandemics continue to impact communities of color is important.
Co-Curator: Michele Thorpe, New York University, Public Health (MPH) Candidate
Keyword Search Terms: covid-19, coronavirus, test kits, vaccine, clinical trials, virus, contact tracing, surge, hot spot, epicenter, masks, asymptomatic, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE,) ventilators, overrun, test, health injustice
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What the Racial Data Show: The pandemic seems to be hitting people of color the hardest. |
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What the COVID-19 Pandemic Means for Black Americans: The bias built into the health system means they will have worse outcomes on average if they get sick Scientific American Uché Blackstock April 7, 2020 https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/voices/what-the-covid-19-pandemic-means-for-black-americans/ |
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Epidemics and Health Disparities in African American Communities: A Conversation with David R. Williams |
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With coronavirus, racism is the underlying condition |
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An unequal crisis: Addressing the intersectional dimensions of COVID-19 YW Boston Beth Chandler, Dr. Julie Levison, and Dr. Jonathan Jackson April 14, 2020 https://www.ywboston.org/2020/04/an-unequal-crisis-addressing-the-intersectional-dimensions-of-covid-19/ View the webinar here |
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COVID-19 targets communities of color The Harvard Gazette Colleen Walsh April 14, 2020 https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2020/04/health-care-disparities-in-the-age-of-coronavirus/ |
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COVID-19 pandemic highlights longstanding health inequities in U.S. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University April 14, 2020 https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/hsph-in-the-news/covid-19-pandemic-highlights-longstanding-health-inequities-in-u-s/ Read the New Yorker article here |
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The Myth of Innate Racial Differences Between White and Black People’s Bodies: Lessons From the 1793 Yellow Fever Epidemic in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: A Conversation with Rana Hogarth |
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Who's Hit Hardest By COVID-19? Why Obesity, Stress And Race All Matter NPR Allison Aubrey April 18, 2020 www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/04/18/835563340/whos-hit-hardest-by-covid-19-why-obesity-stress-and-race-all-matter |
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How Poor Diet Contributes to Coronavirus Risk New York Times Jane E. Brody April 20, 2020 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/20/well/eat/coronavirus-diet-metabolic-health.html |
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Growing Data Underscore that Communities of Color are Being Harder Hit by COVID-19 Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF) Samantha Artiga, Kendal Orgera, Olivia Pham, and Bradley Corallo April 21, 2020 https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-policy-watch/growing-data-underscore-communities-color-harder-hit-covid-19/ |
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Lessons Not Learned: Smallpox and African Americans in the 1860s: A Conversation with Jim Downs |
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To Protect Black Americans from the Worst Impacts of COVID-19, Release Comprehensive Racial Data: Properly reported information is crucial for black communities to recover from this crisis and transcend a history of exclusion |
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Racial Variations in COVID-19 Deaths May Be Due to Androgen Receptor Genetic Variants Associated With Prostate Cancer and Androgenetic Alopecia. Are Anti-Androgens a Potential Treatment for COVID-19? PubMed John McCoy, Carlos G Wambier, Sergio Vano-Galvan, Jerry Shapiro, Rodney Sinclair, Paulo Müller Ramos, Kenneth Washenik, Murilo Andrade, Sabina Herrera, and Andy Goren April 25, 2020 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32333494/ View the letter here |
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'There Wasn’t a Lot of Comfort in Those Days:' African Americans, Public Health, and the 1918 Influenza Epidemic: A Conversation with Vanessa Northington Gamble |
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Health, Inequity, and COVID-19 |
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The COVID-19 Response Is Failing Communities of Color: To build trust with traditionally underserved groups, health officials need to craft their messaging in a much more culturally sensitive way Scientfic American Margaret S. Pichardo, Briana Christophers, and Gezzer Ortega May 7, 2020 https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/voices/the-covid-19-response-is-failing-communities-of-color/ |
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The Coronavirus Was an Emergency Until Trump Found Out Who Was Dying: The pandemic has exposed the bitter terms of our racial contract, which deems certain lives of greater value than others. The Atlantic Adam Serwer May 8, 2020 https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/05/americas-racial-contract-showing/611389/ |
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THE FIRST 100: COVID-19 Took Black Lives First. It Didn’t Have To. ProPublica Illinoins Duaa Eldeib, Adriana Gallardo, Akilah Johnson, Annie Waldman, Nina Martin, Talia Buford, and Tony Briscoe May 9, 2020 https://features.propublica.org/chicago-first-deaths/covid-coronavirus-took-black-lives-first/ |
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Questions of Bias in Covid-19 Treatment Add to the Mourning for Black Families: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have advised health professionals to be on the lookout for medical bias. |
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I’m Sick of Asking Children to Be Resilient, It’s time for reparations and resources and to not expect kids to “rise above.” |
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AFRICA & COVID-19 WEBINAR SERIES: SHARED EXPERIENCES WITH COVID-19 IN AFRICAN AND AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITIES |
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Conversations with Dean Khurana, Featuring Professor Evelynn Hammonds |
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It's Not Obesity. It's Slavery. New York Times Sabrina Strings May 25, 2020 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/25/opinion/coronavirus-race-obesity.html |
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Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in African American patients with COVID-19: an autopsy series from New Orleans The Lancet Sharon E Fox, MD; Aibek Akmatbekov, MD; Jack L Harbert, MD; Guang Li, MS; J Quincy Brown, PhD; and Prof Richard S Vander Heide, MD May 27, 2020 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(20)30243-5/fulltext View the article here |
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Poll Shows Only A Quarter Of African Americans Plan To Get Coronavirus Vaccine NPR Brakkton Booker May 27, 2020 https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/05/27/863401430/poll-shows-only-a-quarter-of-african-americans-plan-to-get-coronavirus-vaccine |
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WHITE SUPREMACY IS A THREAT TO PUBLIC HEALTH Sojourners Robert P. Jones May 29, 2020 https://sojo.net/articles/white-supremacy-threat-public-health |
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Prioritizing Equity video series: The Root Cause American Medical Association (AMA) Moderator Aletha Maybank Camara Jones, M.D, MPH, PhD; Evelyn Green Davis; Brian Smedley, PhD; Zinzi Bailey, ScD, MSPH; Jay Weiss; Joia Crear-Perry, MD; JonathanMetzl, MD, PhD; and Whitney Pirtle June 3, 2020 www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/health-equity/prioritizing-equity-video-series-root-cause Watch the video here |
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COVID-19 and Health Equity: A Policy Platform & Voices from Health Departments ALPHA June 4, 2020 https://www.apha.org/events-and-meetings/apha-calendar/webinar-events/2020/covid-19-and-health-equity View the Human Impact Partner’s Health Equity Policy Platform for COVID-19 Response and Recovery here |
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Black Americans face higher COVID-19 risks, are more hesitant to trust medical scientists, get vaccinated Pew Research Center John Gramlich and Cary Funk June 4, 2020 https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/06/04/black-americans-face-higher-covid-19-risks-are-more-hesitant-to-trust-medical-scientists-get-vaccinated/ |
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Op-ed: ‘Racism is a public health crisis’ Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University June 4, 2020 https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/hsph-in-the-news/racism-is-a-public-health-crisis/ Read The Washington Post article here |
op-ed | |
Black U.S. adults follow many COVID-19 news topics more closely, discuss the outbreak more frequently Pew Research Center Amy Mitchell and Mark Jurkowitz June 5, 2020 https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/06/05/black-u-s-adults-follow-many-covid-19-news-topics-more-closely-discuss-the-outbreak-more-frequently/ |
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Racism, Not Genetics, Explains Why Black Americans Are Dying of COVID-19: Some scientists and politicians have invoked baseless ideas about unknown genes, ignoring systemic inequality and oppression Scientific American Clarence Gravlee June 7, 2020 https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/voices/racism-not-genetics-explains-why-black-americans-are-dying-of-covid-19/ |
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#ShutDownSTEM marks researchers’ commitment to ending racism Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University June 9, 2020 https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/hsph-in-the-news/shutdownstem-marks-researchers-commitment-to-ending-racism/ Read the Science Magazine article here |
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Structural Racism and Health Equity Town Hall Columbia University Olajide Williams, MD, MS and Robert E. Fullilove, EdD June 11, 2020 https://zuckermaninstitute.columbia.edu/structural-racism-and-health-equity-town-hall Watch the video here |
event, town hall, video | |
A black ER doctor reflects on everyday encounters with racism Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University June 11, 2020 https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/hsph-in-the-news/a-black-er-doctor-reflects-on-everyday-encounters-with-racism/ Read The Washington Post article here |
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Racism can erode physical well-being Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University June 12, 2020 https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/jun/12/racism-public-health-black-brown-coronavirus Read The Guardian article here |
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Experts: Health care system’s racial bias contributes to COVID-19 disparities Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University June 14, 2020 https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/hsph-in-the-news/experts-health-care-systems-racial-bias-contributes-to-covid-19-disparities/ Read the USA Today article here Watch the video here |
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Ohio Lawmaker Implies That Hygiene May Be Reason Black Americans Have Higher Covid-19 Rates, Here Is The Backlash Forbes Bruce Y. Lee June 17, 2020 https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2020/06/17/ohio-lawmaker-implies-that-hygiene-may-be-reason-black-americans-have-higher-covid-19-rates-here-is-the-backlash/#1b9d97904255 |
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Perspective: Racism is ‘pernicious, pervasive, cutting short lives’ Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University June 17, 2020 https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/hsph-in-the-news/perspective-racism-is-pernicious-pervasive-cutting-short-lives/ Read the Economist article here Read the Boston.com article here |
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Ending racial injustice in health Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University June 18, 2020 https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/hsph-in-the-news/ending-racial-injustice-in-health/ Read the TIME article here |
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Turning the words ‘racism is a public health crisis’ into action Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University Karen Feldscher and Mary Bassett June 18, 2020 https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/features/mary-bassett-racism-public-health/ |
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COVID Exposes “Significant Racial Health Inequities” as Black, Brown & Indigenous People Suffer Most |
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Are Clinicians Contributing to Excess African American COVID-19 Deaths? Unbeknownst to Them, They May Be |
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Department of Public Health releases recommendations of COVID-19 Health Equity Advisory Group to address pandemic’s impact on communities of color |
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David R. Williams |
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COVID-19 Expert Database |
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We Need to Recruit More Black Americans in Vaccine Trials |
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Six Months of the Coronavirus in Black America |
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A COVID-19 Vaccine May Be Only 50% Effective. Is That Good Enough? |
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https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/01/28/961703505/early-data-shows-striking-racial-disparities-in-whos-getting-the-covid-19-vaccin |