US Census
Census: When were various groups differentiated?:
- U.S. Decennial Census Measurement of Race and Ethnicity Across the Decades: 1790–2020 (US Census)
- Measuring Race and Ethnicity Across the Decades: 1790–2010 (US Census)
- A (short) history of the race question on the decennial census (Center for Community Solutions) with timeline
- The changing categories the U.S. census has used to measure race (Pew)
- Race and Multiracial Americans in the U.S. Census (Pew)
- DATA ON RACE AND ETHNICITY Chapter: 7 of Modernizing the U.S. Census. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1995. Online Version.
United States Census Data Resources (Harvard guide)
Data.census.gov Replaces the decommissioned American FactFinder. Interactive data and mapping from the U.S. Census Bureau. Includes population, housing, and other social and economic data from the decennial census of population and housing, the economic census, and from annual surveys and estimates programs.
US Census Bureau: Topics: Race
Census Publications (List with links to full text)
The US Census and the People’s Health: Public Health Engagement From Enslavement and “Indians Not Taxed” to Census Tracts and Health Equity (1790–2018), by Nancy Krieger. American Journal of Public Health, vol. 109, no. 8, 2019
Negro, Black and African-American Census Reports. (Univ. Missouri) "This guide lists census reports that contain data on Negroes, Blacks and African-Americans, and provide links to full-text copies. Many reports are not specifically about African-Americans, but contain race information in the data"
Negro population 1790-1915. United States. Bureau of the Census, 1918, 844 p. HathiTrust Full Text
The social and economic status of the Black population in the United States, 1790-1978
Primary Sources in African-American History (U Missouri) https://libraryguides.missouri.edu/c.php?g=517997&p=3541975
Historic US census - 1930 (Stanford)